2022 ONE(e)

Excellence
Question
If pp is a positive real constant, prove that y=epx2y = e^{px^2} does not have any points of inflection.

You must use calculus and show any derivatives that you need to find when solving this problem.
Official Answer
y=epx2y=e^{px^2}
dydx=2pxepx2\dfrac{dy}{dx}=2pxe^{px^2}
d2ydx2=2px2pxepx2+2pepx2\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^2}=2px\cdot 2px\cdot e^{px^2}+2p\cdot e^{px^2}
=2pepx2(2px2+1)=2pe^{px^2}(2px^2+1)
At a point of inflexion, d2ydx2=0\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^2}=0
2pepx2(2px2+1)=02pe^{px^2}(2px^2+1)=0
Equation 1
2pepx2=02pe^{px^2}=0
pepx2=0pe^{px^2}=0
px2=ln0px^2=\ln 0
No solution as ln0\ln 0 is defined.
OR
2pepx2=02pe^{px^2}=0 has no solutions
because 2pepx2>02pe^{px^2}>0 for all values of xx
since epx2>0e^{px^2}>0 for all values of aa and pp is a positive
Equation 2
2px2+1=02px^2+1=0
x2=12px^2=-\dfrac{1}{2p}
x=12px=\sqrt{-\dfrac{1}{2p}}
2px2+1=02px^2+1=0 has no real solutions because pp
is a positive real constant, 12p-\dfrac{1}{2p} is negative
and there is not a real solution when
you take the square root of a negative number.

OR
2px2+1=02px^2+1=0 has no real solutions because
2px2+1=02px^2+1=0 is always greater than zero because
pp is a positive real constant and x2x^2 is always
greater than or equal to zero

OR
2px2+1=02px^2+1=0 has no real solutions because the
discriminant is less than zero.
b24ac=04(2p)(1)=8pb^2-4ac=0-4(2p)(1)=-8p
Since pp is a positive real constant.

Therefore, there are no solutions to d2ydx2=0\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^2}=0 and
and y=epx2y=e^{px^2} has no points of inflection.
Grading Criteria

Achievement (u)

  • Correct dydx\dfrac{dy}{dx}.

Merit (r)

  • Correct d2ydx2\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^2}.

Excellence T1

  • T1
    Correct d2ydx2\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^2} with one part of the equation set to zero and the reason for there being no real solutions given for EITHER 2pepx2=02pe^{px^2}=0 OR 2px2+1=02px^2+1=0

Excellence T2

  • T2 Correct proof with correct derivatives Both parts of the equation set to zero and the reason for there being no real solutions given for both equations
Video Explanation
2022 NCEA L3 Calculus Exam Walkthrough by infinityplusone(starts at 18:15)
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